Article 1. Krachun, Carla, et al. "Mirror self-recognition and its relationship to social cognition in chimpanzees." Animal cognition 22.6 (2019): 1171-1183.

The authors of Mirror self-recognition and its relationship to social cognition in chimpanzees are associated with the University of Saskatchewan and other universities and published in an article named Animal Cognition. The main idea of the article is to see how well chimpanzee's can recognize themselves in a mirror and the reasons why they do it. They had chimpanzees separated in different groups and were compared on their abilities and behaviors while looking at themselves in the mirror. Results from this study showed that chimpanzees who were able to recognize themselves had higher social cognition than those who couldn't. I believe it connects to the Big 3 articles because it has to do with social cognition which is well connected with social intelligence.

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Article 2. Van Leeuwen, Edwin JC, et al. "Chimpanzees' responses to the dead body of a 9‐year‐old group member." American Journal of Primatology 78.9 (2016): 914-922.

The authors from Saint Andrews University and other institutes had their article published in the American Journal of Primatology. The main purpose of this article is to observe if and how chimpanzee's react to the death of a close group member. The member had been in this close group for 9 years. The results from this study show that chimpanzees react differently to group members based on age, and how active they are socially in the group. I believe this article relates to the Big 3 because it goes in to depth about the social behaviors exhibited from chimpanzees after a group member dies. 

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Article 3. Van Leeuwen, Edwin JC, et al. "Neighbouring chimpanzee communities show different preferences in social grooming behaviour." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279.1746 (2012): 4362-4367.

The same authors from the previous article had this article published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. The main idea of this article is studying different groups and whether they participate in a social grooming behavior called the grooming handclasp. An interesting part of the article explains how the study observes different variations of the grooming technique to explore all possibilities of the practice. The results from the study concluded that this practice is not genetically predisposed but rather socially learned throughout the tribes that do practice the technique. This article connects to the big 3 because it explains how chimpanzees can learn new social behaviors throughout their tribe. 

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3 Sources Defining the problems of the bushmeat crisis

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Article 1. Hicks, T. C., et al. "Trade in orphans and bush meat threatens one of the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s most important populations of Eastern Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)." African Primates 7.1 (2010): 1-18.

The researcher of this article comes from the university of Warsaw and he specializes in chimpanzee diversity.  The main idea of the article is how the bush meat crisis is affecting the chimpanzee population in the Congo and how this area needs to be monitored closely. He emphasizes that this area needs to have the strictest conservation policy through quantitative analysis. His information is valuable as he also take count how many chimpanzees he and his group see in small village. 

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Article 2.  Davis, Josh. " Chimpanzees are at risk of being eaten into extinction" 2018 .

This article goes into depth about the looming threat the bushmeat trade poses for the chimpanzee population. The article also goes into how deforestation and climate change also contribute to the endangerment of chimpanzees. Josh Davis also goes into how logging helps hunters gain easier access to hunting chimpanzees. His article gives a good visual to how severe the crisis is. 

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Article 3. Peeters, Martine, et al. "Risk to human health from a plethora of simian immunodeficiency viruses in primate bushmeat." Emerging infectious diseases 8.5 (2002): 451.

Martine Peeters hails from the Univerisite of Montpellier. He goes into how the threat of viruses come along with eating bushmeat. His article proves his statement through quantitative analysis as well and it is filled with interesting statistics on chimpanzees and apes carrying deadly viruses. His information goes into depth about how deadly this practice can be. 

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3 Sources Advocating Solutions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Article 1. Mbotiji, Julius. "Sustainable use of wildlife resources: The bush meat crisis." Wildlife Management Workshop paper. No. 5. 2002.

This article goes into depth about how governments, non profits, and communities can resolve the bushmeat crisis. It also mentions how some laws are outdated and need to be revised. The article gives a new set of policies concerning zoning and land use regulations. Also, it explains how governments can track hunters easier with reliable data. 

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Article 2. Karesh, William B., and Eric Noble. "The bushmeat trade: increased opportunities for transmission of zoonotic disease." Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine 76.5 (2009): 429-434.

The author William Karesh who is a part of EcoHealth Alliance. He mentions that drastic change can not be made through moral ways. He states that the cultures and practices done with bushmeat have been seen deep in human history . Along with this he proposes that the trade must be slowed down first through surveillance and law enforcement.

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Article 3. Lindsey, Peter Andrew, et al. “The Bushmeat Trade in African Savannas: Impacts, Drivers, and Possible Solutions.” Biological Conservation, vol. 160, Apr. 2013, pp. 80–96. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.020

This article by Peter Lindsey mentions how previous research mentions how the bushmeat trade should be regulated but the reality of it is it will never stop. The article goes into the various solutions that could slow down the bushmeat trade. He mentions the need for more in depth research on the hunting, databases for repeat offenders,  and allocating more resources toward anti poaching security. The article also brings up increased salary for security and providing them with the right knowledge to catch hunters. 

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